The Project Life Cycle
A project has certain steps to implement on grounds that play a very vital role. These steps have to considered in different phases, which ease the erection of the project direction, and the objectives of the project easily meet. The workload of the project also divided into certain remarkable phases, which provided the measurement tools' for its monitoring and evaluation processes, that lead to measure the impact of the process. The project comprised the following phases:
1. Needs assessment lead to concept
2. Project Planning to bridge the gaps
3. Project implementation strategies
4. Monitoring and control strategy
5. project evaluation
6. Exit strategy of project termination
Needs assessment lead to concept
As, the demand arising from the community side, the team of experts decide the assessment strategy, they design the assessment formats to judge the actual conditions including individual interviews, transit walk, broad-based community meeting, collection of the issues, prioritization of the issues through community involvement, the actual scenarios are come up, the assessment report has generated to tackle the top priority issues.
Basically, there are two types of strategies are practicing in the development sector, one is a top-to-bottom approach called Rapid Rural Appraisal, while another one is bottom to top approach called Participatory Rural Appraisal
Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA)
The team of experts collected the surface information from the internet or any other source and write the assessment, and the project proposal is drafting based on the said report. This project has not practicable sometimes, because the grounds realities differ from the said assessment reports, thus why this strategy always leads to failure chances in high possibility. It always questions the masses' acceptance; in this project based on RRA. The feasibility of the project also leads to modifications if the donor allowed, otherwise the project will dismiss.
Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)
This is the bottom to top approach, where the team of experts meet to the peoples of the targeted location, collect the information through different techniques, they are conducting the individual interviews; they are conducting the brainstorming of the public; they are collecting basic information and also conducting the transit walk to know the actual scenarios, who introduce the needs with their solution to full fill. They are also extracting the solution from the people's perspectives through brainstorming and also taken the consents of masses and agreement for the solution suggested by the masses. These types of projects have the feasibility and the peoples also show full cooperation with its implementation. This is the right way, but sometimes the exercise is carrying out on grounds, but the participation of the influential diverted the actual objective of the project, towards the personal objective of the said influential. This is important to consider the rules adopted for this vary purpose, should ensure, which affected inversely if not followed.
Project Planning to bridge the gaps
In the planning phase, the proposal writer studied the assessment report and also conducted a market survey for the availability of supplies in a nearby market. If not, then he will add the estimation of extra amounts for the transportation of materials from far flange areas.
In the planning phase the writer write the historical background of the project, provide information about the implementation organization, he set the main objective of the project, he also mentioned the short-term goals, activities, sub-activities, measurable indicators in the logical framework one by one short-term goal settled down. He will also write the work plan of the project with specific deadlines and timelines. He will explain the needful supplies and deliveries, he will also write the human resource needs, their specific job description, he will also describe the principles of implementation based on information collected regarding local norms.
He will also identify the need for individuals specific periods of time with their specific role in a specific time schedule. He will also draw the financial proposal, including all necessary of the project, implementation needs, the operational needs, the community needs for their consents from time to time during the implementation process.
Project implementation strategies:
In this section, it defines the implementation strategies, the way to intervene in the community, the legal formalities, the strategies to overcome the expected issues raised in the intervention, their movement of the project staff in the project area, the security measures of the staff, the strategical decisions way, the team's formation for a different task.
The implementation strategies are depending upon the specific geographical location, the current security situations of the area concerned. The way of communication among the project staff official with the team leader, with beneficiaries, with Govt officials and law enforcement agencies, etc.
These strategies also include the way to deal with political masses of the project areas, the way to tackle the hard subjects of these concerned.
It prepares the file along with the project proposal and submitted the project operational strategies to the regulatory authorities, law enforcement agencies head of the state to take the permission for implementation on the said grounds of the project proposal.
It also explains the coordination mechanism with different concerned clusters, stakeholders including Govt entities, beneficiaries, local political masses including Govt party workers, opposition party leaders, etc. It will inform the administrative head of the district, the executive officers of the concerned department on the designed file of the project, that may comprise the project proposal, deliveries of the project, and also explains the sustainability measures for the project.
Monitoring and control strategy:
The project proposal must include the monitoring strategies, the timeframe of the monitoring schedule, the reporting lines, formats of monitoring, the policy of the organization for monitoring.
The project steering committee formation to oversight the project including organizational head, donor agency's representatives, govt representative, M&E section head, community representative, etc.
The reporting lines of the monitoring department to the chief executive officer of the organization, the project Manager, the donor agencies based on facts and figures collected from the field during the visit.
The controlling of the project delays, showing by the reports generated by the M&E section, the authorities have supposed to entitle' to solve the issues faced by the project team. The geographical issues faced by the team, the supplies and demand issue faced by the project team, should be addressed on time, would generate fruits for the project.
project evaluation
The M&E section also tests the project situations, keeping in mind the weather condition, security situation, this section is responsible to deal with objective evaluation if the required progress of the staff is satisfactory then well in good, otherwise, the corrective measure should explain in the proposal, which encompasses the methods to recover the wasted time through extra work strategies.
Actually, this is a re-tracking strategy, for the detracted train, to reach its destination within a time schedule of the project concerned.
Exit strategy of project termination
In this section of the project planning, the designer will introduce the exit strategy of the organization from project upon its completion but the sustainability measures are especially emphasizing the exit strategy, where the project deliverable will hand over to the entities, including the govt entities, community entities, to ensure the sustainability of the project concerned.
For this specific purpose, the organizations adopted the policies to develop and strengthen the local community organization and Standard Operating procedures are drafting, and these SOPs are subject to the acceptability of the Govt entities, and the community organization's representatives and a resolution should pass in the large group meeting of a community organization of the project, to favor a Community organization, to tackle the issue with legal support insurance.
Conclusion:
I am concluding:
The project designing should base on bottom to top approach, and the PRA is a most favorable approach to tackle the community on the ground because it will provide the solution of the issues and the acceptability of the project will support by the local peoples, which is the main support for the donor's project.
NGOs planning bro
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